Negotiation-Real World Reflection

â€Å"Real world† arrangement reflection Introduction As the ranking director, I finish the yearly execution assessment of my colleagues in January. Subsequent to completing assessment I will hold interviews with them, talk about their endeavors and the designs during the current year. Lilly is one of my colleagues with a superior information on the coordinations business. In light of her exhibition in 2012, her yearly execution is appraised B+ and she can get 8% expansion in year-end rewards. Likewise, I intend to advance her as a group head liable for the coordinations programming items advancement in the northern market.Since our company’s business improvement in 2013 will expand the contribution to the northern market, I expect the yearly deals pay in 2013 will increment by 30% under the normal market objectives accomplished; as a group chief, Lilly’s individual yearly salary will increment by 15% - 20%, relies upon the business commission. But since of some family reasons, she may not be happy to go for quite a while. Prior to the meeting, I heard another message: Lilly was disappointed for her own salary being not exactly another colleague, Han, who joined the group in the start of 2012.In expansion, Lilly has been filled in as an expert for very nearly 5 years and she feels a touch of exhausting on this work. Because of showcasing deals work opening in our organization, she needs to attempt the situation as a project supervisor, so as to get another working experience and get more opportunity to deal with her family. Readiness Planning Document What issues are generally imperative to you? 1. Hold Lilly as my colleague. 2. Advance her as the group head answerable for the northern market. | What issues are generally essential to your partner? 1. Disappointment with her own pay. 2.Can the organization give the new difficulties on the specialist work? 3. Can't head out a great deal because of family reasons. | What is your BATNA? 1. Hold Lilly as my colleague without advancement since she won’t be happy to travel a great deal. Keep filling in as the expert with expected 5-8% yearly pay increment. The yearly pay will be not as much as now on the off chance that she moves to the business position. 2. Change the reward circulation, expanding the commission from 2% to 2. 5%, in the wake of advancing her as the group head. 3. In the event that she needs long haul business, more than multi month, she can return home once per end of the week at regular intervals or get additional 2 days’ vacation.Reservation Value? 1. Increment the commission from 2% to 3%, subsequent to advancing her as the group head. 2. Increment yearly excursion time from 10 days to 20 days. Target? Advance her as the group head answerable for the northern market. | What is your counterpart’s BATNA? 1. Move to the business position which may give challenge work. 2. Keep the specialist position, request a superior compensation. 3. Acknowledge the advancement and get an a lot higher yearly pay. Reservation Value? 1. Make her yearly pay expanding 10% or more. 2. Take a stab at something new. 3. Remain in the city and deal with her family.Target? To locate another work with both fulfillment installment and more opportunity to deal with her family. | What are your wellsprings of intensity? Right to advancement. Give the new difficulties on the expert employment. Give suitable occasion modification. Right to reward circulation. | What are your counterpart’s wellsprings of intensity? Move to the business position. Request a more significant compensation or business recompense. Request more excursion time. | What is your initial move/first methodology? Discussion about her yearly execution, and disclose to her the coming advancement. Analyze the yearly pay when promotion.Attract her by the test as a group chief. | Other significant or extraordinary data/considerations:How long is the movement time she can ack nowledge? Her family situation;Is there anything I can accomplish for her or give her a few recommendations? | Negotiation Since we currently live in various urban communities, I chose to utilize the video call meet. Distinctive with phone discussion, video call can assist me with adjusting my arranging procedure by watching the adjustments in her face. I began with revealing to her the reason for this discussion. Discussed the things the organization measures for her position; her commitment to income or costs.Based on her presentation in 2012, her yearly execution is evaluated B+ and she can get 8% expansion in her year-end rewards. At that point, I went to the advancement issue. I investigated the showcasing technique of our organization; the northern market ought to be one of the most significant markets in 2013. Thusly, I have to advance a group chief who can deal with the specialist group for northern market. In light of her brilliant advisor ability and information on the coo rdinations business, she is the best man for this position. Lilly gave her fulfillment with the consequence of yearly execution assessment and was satisfied with the opportunity to be a group leader.But she said she needed to change to deals division so as to have more opportunity to deal with her family. Since I realize that it couldn't simple to get additional time if being a project lead, I didn’t think about it as the genuine purpose behind her day of work. Through discussion, I discovered that the genuine explanation was her own yearly pay was not as much as Han, which caused her to feel awkward. I figured I should concentrate on the salary first. Right off the bat, moving to deals office was not a decent decision since the pay will diminish. Keep functioning as the specialist with expected 5-8% yearly pay increase.Secondly, I clarified that she and Han held distinctive position, their pay can’t be looked at. In spite of the fact that I can't tell the particular s alary information, I consider their pay is close. Besides, on the off chance that she got the advancement, her yearly salary ought to be expanded to a more significant level. From that point onward, I clarified the subtleties of the advancement: the business commission will be expanded from 2% to 2. 5%, in the wake of advancing her as the group chief, which implies her own yearly pay will increment by 15% - 20%. Lilly was pulled in by the condition, yet she despite everything stressed over the test she will face to and how to manage the family issues.I disclosed to her I can bolster her work which she didn’t should be stressed over. For family issues, there are two decisions: one is getting additional 2 days’ get-away following a multi month long haul excursion for work; another is expanding yearly get-away time from 10 days to 20 days. She concurred with the last one finally. Before we finished the discussion, Lilly said she will converse with the coming change with h er families, so as to get their help. I figure she will persuade her families and take the position. End The consequence of the exchange is successful.I do a quite decent planning work by decide my main concern and BATNA in time and great system can allow me to deal with the arrangement follow my own thought. Shared trust is significant in this arrangement procedure. Since the genuine purpose behind her work day was her own yearly salary was not as much as Han, which caused her to feel awkward. I can’t deny the reality since I have to construct the common trust. Be that as it may, I can change the best approach to examine the salary issue and mental fortitude all her the position. I discovered the arrangement and I got my objective finally.

The Solar System Essay Research Paper Assignment free essay sample

The Solar System Essay, Research Paper Task 1: The Solar System The nearby planetary group comprises of the Sun ; the nine planets, 67 orbiters of the planets and a major figure of minimal natural structures ( comets and space rocks ) . The internal nearby planetary group contains the Sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars: The planets of the external nearby planetary group are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto: The circles of the planets are ovals with the Sun at one point of convergence, however all aside from Mercury and Pluto are extremely about round. The circles of the planets are on the whole pretty much in a similar plane ( called the ecliptic and characterized by the plane of the Earth # 8217 ; s circle ) . The ecliptic is slanted simply 7 evaluations from the plane of the Sun # 8217 ; s equator. Pluto # 8217 ; s circle goes astray the most from the plane of the ecliptic with an attitude of 17 evaluations. Beneath you see a chart that give some relative data about the majority of the articles in our Solar System: Distance across ( kilometer ) Moons Surface temp. We will compose a custom article test on The Solar System Essay Research Paper Assignment or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Surface attraction Axial manner Axial rotating movement The Sun 1 390 000 # 8211 ; 5800c # 8211 ; 25 # 8211 ; 36 yearss Mercury 4 878 None 350c/ - 170c 0.38 0 58 yearss Venus 12 104 None 480c 0.9 178 243 yearss The Earth 12 756 1 20c 1 23.4 23h 56m Red planets 6 787 None - 23c 0.38 24 24h 37m Jupiter N/A 16 - 150c 2.64 3.1 9h 50m Saturn 199 300 18 - 180c 1.2 26.7 10h 39m Uranus 51 800 15 - 210c 1.2 98 17h 10m Neptune 49 500 8 - 220c 1.2 29.5 18h 24m Pluto 2 320 1 N/A 0.04 50 178 mature ages The Moon 3 474 # 8211 ; 107c/ - 153c 0.17 1.5 27 yearss The Sun The Sun is the vast majority of import bit of our close planetary system. It is the greatest article and holds around 98 % of the entire mass of the nearby planetary group. Around 1,3 billion Earths would suit inside the Sun. The Sun goes around the system along with planets and different articles bound to it by gravitative powers. The biggest of the natural structures we call planets, the greater part of which are in twist are circled by littler Moons or orbiters. These items, along with numerous lesser hoards, are known as the Solar framework. The Sun is only a star, one of a 100 billion populating our universe completely. Bing a star the Sun is a delineation of the cardinal structure squares of our reality. It framed, 4.5 billion mature ages back, as the karyon of a haze of gas which was fall ining under its ain gravitative alluring power. At development, H was the most inexhaustible gas, as somewhere else in the presence, and represented seventy five percent of the Sun # 8217 ; s unique stuff. This will change as the H is scorched, and inside the extremely cardinal parts for all intents and purposes all the H has been changed over to He. The external parts have non yet taken segment in H burning. Space experts have estimated the synthetic making out of the Sun, and can in this manner check that of the underlying sunlight based cloud from which the Sun and planets shaped. In add-on to 78 for each centum by weight of H, they see 20 for each centum as helium, while just 2 for every centum stays for different components, for example, O, C, N, and Fe. Thusly, as its H gets drained, it will sprout into an immense reddish star, expanding to soak the Earth and the inside planets. The leftover Sun will liquefy a tiny bit at a time to limbo, go throughing through the white dwarf stage on its way. Mercury Mercury is named after the dispatch of the Roman Gods. It is the littlest of the inside planets and the second littlest in the entire Solar System. It has an extremely frail attractive field and # 8211 ; being the nearest planet to the Sun # 8211 ; has only a truly slender mood of He caught from the sun based air current. The outside of Mercury is extremely much like the Moon # 8217 ; s # 8211 ; with pits, mountains and vales. Since there is no signifier of mood, life on Mercury is unimaginable. Nor will at that spot be any kept an eye on trips in the forseeable henceforth. In any case, there will be new remote-controlled examinations conveyed, if simply to complete the guide of the surface. Despite the fact that Mercury has just a third the width of Earth, its thickness is about the equivalent. This recommends 65 to 70 for each centum of Mercury # 8217 ; s weight is comprised of a substantial stuff, likely Fe. This is packed in Mercury # 8217 ; s large core. The external bed is made of sillicate stone like the Earth # 8217 ; s mantle. Venus Venus is named after the Roman goddess of affection. It is the second planet from the Sun and the most brilliant item in the sky other than the Sun and the Moon. It was one time accepted that life could be in Venus yet that has been demonstrated inaccurate by arranged examinations. Truth be told, Venus has the most threatening condition in the full Solar System. The surface temperature is brutally hot and the air power per unit region is mistreating. One of the more apparent things that different Venus from the various planets in our nearby planetary group is that it turns from E to west ( the various planets pivot from West to east ) . Along these lines, Venus is supposed to be about topsy turvy. Conditionss may hold been exceptional in the days gone by. In the early periods of the Solar System, the Sun was non each piece splendid as it is presently thus Venus and the Earth would hold framed similarly. At the point when the Sun got more splendid, the Earth was far bounty off to escape genuine damage however Venus was non. The surface temperature rose and the seas evaporated. Earth The Earth, the third planet ( stone ) from the Sun, is the biggest of the inside planets what's more has the most elevated thickness. It is the solitary planet in the Solar System to be secured generally with H2O, the solitary planet with a feel made up essentially of N and O and the solitary natural structure that has a temperature appropriate for life of the sort that we know. It is other than the solitary inside planet with a major Moon # 8211 ; Mercury and Venus have none and the Martian Moons are pretty much nothing. On the off chance that the conditions on the Earth changed even to some degree, the life as we probably am aware it could expire out. The Earth # 8217 ; s rotating movement period is non immutable. It is simple protracting because of tidal conflict between the seas and the ocean bottom. This is brought about by the impact of the Moon. Our Moon The Moon has interested world all through the ages. By just sing with the exposed oculus, one can spot two significant sorts of territory: relatively splendid Highlandss and darker fields. Current perception of the Moon is more prominent than for some other close planetary system object aside from Earth. This loans to a more prominent dread of geologic systems and more distant handle of the multifaceted nature of terrestrial planets. The relatively splendid, all things considered, cratered Highlandss are called terrae. The pits and bowls in the Highlandss are framed by shooting star. Red planets Red planets is the fourth planet from the Sun and the seventh biggest. Mars is in some cases alluded to as the Red Planet. The name of the month March gets from Mars. Mars has been known since ancient occasions. With the exception of Earth, Mars has the moment T very shifted and fascinating territory of any of the terrestrial planets. One being Olympus Mons, the biggest mountain in the Solar System lifting 24 kilometer ( 78,000 ft. ) over the environing field. Like Mercury and the Moon, Mars seems to miss dynamic command post tectonics at present ; there is no grounds of ongoing level motion of the surface, for example, the collapsed mountains so normal on Earth. Jupiter Jupiter is named after the male ruler of the Roman Gods. It is the biggest planet in the Solar System, the fifth planet from the Sun and the first of the external planets Jupiter has had a prevailing result on a major segment of the Solar System. All things considered, Jupiter # 8217 ; s enormous attractive energy has kept a planet from arranging in the nation presently involved by the Asteroid Belt. Jupiter has an attractive field multiple times more grounded than that of the Earth # 8217 ; s, holding a destroying result on its Moons. Saturn Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second biggest: In Roman folklore, Saturn is the God of agribusiness and has been known since ancient occasions. Galileo was the first to distinguish it with a telescope in 1610 ; he noticed its lopsided visual perspective however was befuddled by it. Early perceptions of Saturn were muddled by the way that the Earth goes through the plane of Saturn # 8217 ; s rings each couple of mature ages as Saturn moves in its circle Like Jupiter, Saturn is around 75 % H and 25 % He with traces of H2O, methane, ammonium hydroxide and # 8220 ; stone # 8221 ; , like the making out of the native Solar Nebula from which the close planetary system was framed. Ouranos Uranus is the Forth biggest planet in the Solar System and the seventh from the Sun. Named after the male parent of Saturn, Uranus is a pale blue green shading material because of the methane in its mood. Its attractive hub is at 60 evaluations to its pivot of rotating movement. The irregular pivotal joust may hold been brought about by a hit by a major natural structure right off the bat in Uranus # 8217 ; life. Researchers must anticipate another unending crucial. Uranus is made mostly out of stone and grouped frosts, with only around 15 % H and a little He ( rather than Jupiter and Saturn which are to a great extent hydrogen ) . Neptune Neptune # 8211 ; named after the Roman God of the ocean # 8211 ; was found using mathematic calculations dependent on the circle of Uranus. It is the third biggest planet in the Solar System and is regularly the second last planet in separation. Due to Pluto # 8217 ; s eccentic circle, Neptune is the last planet for 20 mature ages each 247 mature ages. Neptune was the last planet until late, when Pluto past it with its circle and turned into the last planet again. Pluto

Not About the Name

Not About the Name About a week and a half ago, I arrived at Logan airport to start this college thing! With two bags in hand (well, ok, one was a backpack), and my level of anxiousness climbing, I stepped into a taxi with a fellow ‘15er and just took in the imagery of the Charles River. The cab driver commented, “Oh, MIT. My siblings went there,” and proceeded to talk to us about an old radio that he and his friends found back in the day, turned into a metal detector, and used on an overturned beach to find coins with which they got rich, of course. You hear all kinds of stories about MIT even before getting here that emphasize how well-known it is. There are the stereotypes about its prestige, hacks, and even teary stories about how sometimes people don’t have any clue about where MIT is. My simple-enough, three-lettered name was occasionally replaced with a variation of “Hey, MIT!” soon after I was accepted, and classic are the surprising tales of friends asking about the Michigan or Missouri Institute of Technology. I mean, a place that allows me to take reasonably good pictures 1) without a flash 2) late at night and 3) with my low-spec camera surely deserves some credit. Yes, this place is awesome. It’s MIT, oh my goodness. We got in, whoop-dee-doo. But at the core, its so much more than that. I find myself observing (and totally appreciating) a certain kind of humility hereâ€"a concentration on action rather than on titles. Here, people aren’t at each others’ throats about rankings because rankings don’t exist *gasp*. The main thing isn’t “getting an A” (which you can’t technically acheive anyway because the first semester is pass/no record), it’s all about feeding your curiosity and fundamentally learning to learn. As one of my fellow classmates told me with a smile, “I’ll never get tired of the extent to which people here are open to learning for the sake of learning.” Plus, the opportunities are the same for all students, as Anna ’14 eloquently described: both the student that has never done research in their entire life and the student that started their first company while in the womb can get an opportunity to do research. Here, passion replaces pomp, and diversity breeds innovation. It’s one of the things I love most about MITâ€"the genuine sense of collaboration, understanding, kindness. Speeches I’ve listened to here have impressed me more because of the enthusiasm with which they were delivered, rather than because of the speakers’ long list of recognitions, and that’s saying a lot. Indeed, here I am as a freshman, a wide-eyed baby chick, newly hatched into this place, saying “hi, my name is…” more times than I ever have at any point in my entire life. I admit that I may not be able to remember all of the names of the many amazing people Ive met so far, but Ive promised myself  that Ill remember their faces, spirit, advice, and aknowledgement. In the end, that’s all that matters anyway.

Comparing Satire in Canterbury Tales, Pride and Prejudice...

Use of Satire in Canterbury Tales, Pride and Prejudice and The Rape of the Lock Jane Austen and Alexander Pope had had a myriad of writing styles and techniques from which to express the desired themes of their works. Satire, however, seemed to be the effective light-hearted, yet condescending, tool that enabled them to surface the faults and follies of their moral and elite society. In Chaucers Canterbury Tales, satire is used to the full extent in revealing the glutton within a pious and sacrificing nun, the vain hunter within a poor and meditative monk, and the vulgarity within a honorable woman of society. In Pride and Prejudice and The Rape of the Lock, Austen and Pope use contrasting forms of satire to obtain the†¦show more content†¦She believes in speaking her mind, exercising her wit with books, and falling in love with a mans character and soul rather than his yearly income. Elizabeths character is essential to the satirical purpose of the novel because it clashes loudly with the vanities that society holds so dearly, and force s society to see how it blindly debases itself by believing in the importance of appearance and status rather than self-importance and individuality. Austen further mocks society through Mary, Elizabeths younger sister. Mary conspicuously tries to defy the standard rules of proper ladies in society by refusing to dance at the balls, reading books in public, and using a verbose vocabulary to create the illusion that she is a well-accomplished woman. However, these actions only make her motives of being an individual to receive praise from society more obvious, adding another element of character satire to the novel. Popes The Rape of the Lock is a mock epic that uses hyperboles to fill an otherwise absurd and unimportant situation with pompous splendor; therefore, with the additional extravagancies, the situation becomes even more trivial. For example, in Popes poem a lord cuts a lock of hair from the head of a lovely maiden. The actual occurrence of such a trivia l matter in Popes society had caused great alarm, influencing him to light-heartedly ridicule the people involved in the situation by creating a

How Facebook Can Be Used For A Constructive Business Or...

be used for a constructive business or studies is spent searching for tweets and topics or people. Some users infect us with hate especially on matters politics and there are at times abusive discussions and law breaking by certain individuals. As a twitter user I am exposed to all these follies. Facebook on the other hand helps me find old friends and get in touch with them, it ensures that my cycle of friends keeps increasing and it is a way to connect with people who share the same likes. Once in a while I go to facebook to find updates and news that is not anywhere on the media. A major drawback of facebook is speculations and exaggerations of events, spread of hate messages and use of violent languages by some users. LinkedIn helps in shaping a professional life and gives information of what your professional network is up to, it enables one gather necessary information on well paying companies and the skills they seek for as well as help professional write their resumes in a captivating manner. It has a shortcoming in that some users are swindlers and pretends to be potential employers while they only seek unsuspecting users and cones them into giving out money or crucial information about them. Instagram on the other hand is beneficial in studying the way other people live from the photos they share and a platform to discover more on the social perspectives. It has a disadvantage of being relatively less informative on the current issues and has some nasty users inShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1359 Words   |  6 PagesFacebook, like most of the internet, is an excellent innovation that has become a part of our daily lives. It presents us with an opportunity to intermingle with a much broader network of people. You can form your own online individuality, while also learning how social media supports the creation of new relationships and communities. For the people who want to be entrepreneurs, it might be an introduction to business as you think of how to â€Å"promote yourself. Individuals with particular social identitiesRead MoreA Brief Note On Social Media And Advertising1469 Words   |  6 Pagesthe potential pool of consumers by placing a digital advertisement on a social media site. This can have positive impacts for companies wishing to expand their customer base, but also it is a draw back for the consumers who are constantly assaulted with ads about items or services they have recently viewed in another browser. Television commercials are still very prominent, but social media advertising can reach a larger number of people per dollar. For example, a company could purchase ten minutesRead MoreFacebook : The Positive And Negative Effects Of Facebook Addiction1309 Words   |  6 PagesFacebook Addiction Have you ever imagined your life without Facebook? These days Facebook has become an essential part of our life. Facebook usage involves both the simple use of the site and the level of cognitive engagement with the site. Its use means the existence of individual users on the social website, frequent visits, time committed to this site, and the kind of activities undertaken. People of different ages interact and exchange information; they share picture and videos, discuss issuesRead MoreCommunication Theories And Its Impact On The Data1731 Words   |  7 Pagesalso been extended on the procedures integrated while collecting data and how the collected data will be analyzed and presented. The fourth section is where the study results have been presented with a clear overview of the hypotheses that have been integrated in the study. Discussion of the results is another significant section of the paper that will provide a deeper interpretation of the collected and analyzed data. In this case, relevant communication theories, some of which had been addressedRead MoreIs the Internet Good for Us?1494 Words   |  6 Pagesmedia platforms. Students use the Internet as their primary research instrument. The Internet is the source for current news information for a large number of people. News on browsers consist of teaser sentences and if people are interested, they can click to find out more. The PEJ’s 2010 State of the News Report looked at the habits of six out of 10 Americans who say they get at least some of their news online during a typical day. Each person visits four sites and spends three minutes on eachRead MoreA Proposed Internet Policy for America W est650 Words   |  3 PagesAmerica West recognizes that the internet can assist America West in enhancing its brand and creating communication and knowledge, but if not monitored, it can also be abused and ultimately become detrimental to the company. We have a company full of intelligent and responsible people who work hard and commit their work for the betterment of this company. Im not proposing this new internet policy because I think we have serious problems, I am suggesting we put into place a new internet policy withRead MoreThe Final Summative Task Of Business Leadership1582 Words   |  7 PagesFor the final summative task in Business Leadership, each group had to create a small business, and sell its product to the student body during Venture week. My group’s idea was to put a spin on iced coffee by creating delicious and unique versions of iced coffee. Individually, I feel like I was a large factor in my group’s success. My first major contribution to the team was coming up with the name for the company. I suggested the name â€Å"Icely Done† as it is catchy, funny, and relates to the productRead MoreReflection Of A Discourse Community1591 Words   |  7 Pagessuccessful individual knows that his or her achievement depends on a community of persons working together.† We do not often realize how important it is for everybody to work together to achieve a goal. A community is a group of individual people gathered together to form a whole, like a school, local church, government entity, non-profit organization, sport team, etc. This whole can make reference to a discourse community. According to John Swales, discourse communities are unions where individuals haveRead MoreWomen, Work, And The Can Be Used As A Guide For Empower Nurses1292 Words   |  6 Pages(Fletcher, 2007). In this paper, I will discuss how Lean in: Women, Work and the Will to Lead, (Sandberg, 2013) can be used as a guide to empower nurses by using clear examples from the author’s experiences in the business world and applying them to nursing. I will also be discussing how the book has enlighten me and how I will be applying the advice to my own professional career. By empowering nurses, the perception of nurses can positively change and it can viewed by everyone as a profession of leadersRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Employee Performance1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe following annotated bibliography with the use of six peer-reviewed articles outlines the impact social media has had on business and management communication. Social media has changed so much for the world; it has connected people from all over with the click of a button. Even though social media has been a game-changer for many businesses and a vital tool for communication, it has brought along of negative outcomes. The articles I have researched demonstrate both pros and cons for the use of

Transforming the Influence of the Media on our Lives Free Essays

Our goal in this publication is to help our readers lay a foundation for transforming the influence of the media on their lives. It is in all of our interests to critically assess, rather than mindlessly accept, news media pronouncements. Our hope is that we can aid readers to become more independent, insightful, and critical in responding to the content of news media messages and storiesIf objectivity or fairness in the construction of news stories is thought of as equivalent to presenting all the facts and only the facts (â€Å"All the news that’s fit to print†), objectivity and fairness is an illusion. We will write a custom essay sample on Transforming the Influence of the Media on our Lives or any similar topic only for you Order Now No human knows more than a small percentage of the facts and it is not possible to present all the facts (even if one did know them). It isn’t even possible to present all the important facts, for many criteria compete for determining what is â€Å"impor- tant. †We must therefore always ask,â€Å"What has been left out of this article? †Ã¢â‚¬Å"What would I think if different facts had been highlighted here? †Ã¢â‚¬Å"What if this article had been written by those who hold a point of view opposite to the one embedded in the story as told?† For example, people commonly consider facts to be important to the extent that they have significant implications for them personally: Is any given event going to affect what they want, how much is it going to cost them, how is it going to influence their income, their living conditions, their leisure, their convenience? How some given event is going to affect others, especially others far away and out of sight, is quite another matter. There is therefore a large divergence among the news media of the world as to what is presented as â€Å"significant† in the world. How to cite Transforming the Influence of the Media on our Lives, Papers

Diversification free essay sample

Consider, for example, an investment that consists of only the stock issued by a single company. If that companys stock suffers a serious downturn, your portfolio will sustain the full brunt of the decline. By splitting your investment between the stocks of two different companies, you reduce the potential risk to your portfolio. Another way to reduce the risk in your portfolio is to include bonds and cash. Because cash is generally used as a short-term reserve, most investors develop an asset allocation strategy for their portfolios based primarily on the use of stocks and bonds. It is never a bad idea to keep a portion of your invested assets in cash, or short-term money-market securities. Cash can be used in case of an emergency, and short-term money-market securities can be liquidated. Instantly in case an investment opportunity arises, or in the event your usual cash requirements spike and you need to sell investments to make payments. Also keep in mind that asset allocation and diversification are closely linked concepts; a diversified portfolio is created through the process of asset allocation. When creating a portfolio that contains both stocks and bonds, aggressive investors may lean toward a mix of 80% stocks and 20% bonds while conservative investors may prefer a 20% stocks to 80% bonds mix. Regardless of whether you are aggressive or conservative, the use of asset allocation to reduce risk through the selection of a balance of stocks and bonds for your portfolio is a more detailed description of how a diversified portfolio is created than the simplistic eggs in one basket concept. With this in mind, you will notice that mutual fund portfolios composed of a mix that includes both stocks and bonds are referred to as balanced portfolios. The specific balance of stocks and bonds in a given portfolio is designed to create a specific risk-reward ratio that offers the opportunity to achieve a certain rate of return on your investment in exchange for your willingness to accept a certain amount of risk. In general, the more risk you are willing to take, the greater the potential return on your investment. What Are My Options? If you are a person of limited means or you simply prefer uncomplicated investment scenarios, you could choose a single balanced mutual fund and invest all of your assets in the fund. For most investors, this strategy is far too simplistic. While a given mix of investments may be appropriate for a childs college education fund, that mix may not be a good match for long-term goals, such as retirement or estate planning. Likewise, investors with large sums of money often require strategies designed to address more complex needs, such as minimizing capital gains taxes or generating reliable income streams. Furthermore, while investing in a single mutual fund provides diversification among the basic asset classes of stocks, bonds and cash (funds often hold a small amount of cash from which to take their fees), the opportunities for diversification go far beyond these basic categories With stocks, investors can choose a specific style, such as focusing on large caps, mid caps or small caps. In each of these areas are stocks categorized as growth or value. Additional choices include domestic stocks and foreign stocks. Foreign stocks also offer sub-categorizations that include both developed and emerging markets. Both foreign and domestic stocks are also available in specific sectors, such as biotechnology and health care. In addition to the variety of equity investment choices, bonds also offer opportunities for diversification. Investors can choose long-term or short-term issues. They can also select high-yield or municipal bonds. Once again, risk tolerance and personal investment requirements will largely dictate investment selection. While stocks and bonds represent the traditional tools for portfolio construction, a host of alternative investments provide the opportunity for further diversification. Real estate investment trusts, hedge funds, art and other investments provide the opportunity to invest in vehicles that do not necessarily move in tandem with the traditional financial markets. These investments offer yet another method of portfolio diversification. The Importance of Diversification:- Diversification is a technique that reduces risk by allocating investments among various financial instruments, industries and other categories. It aims to maximize return by investing into different areas that would each react differently to the same event. Most investment professionals agree that, although it does not guarantee against loss, diversification is the most important component of reaching long-range financial goals while minimizing risk. Here we look at why this is true, and how to accomplish diversification in your portfolio. Different Types of Risk Investors confront two main types of risk when investing: Undiversifiable Also known as systematic or market risk, undiversifiable risk is associated with every company. Causes are things like inflation rates, exchange rates, political instability, war and interest rates. This type of risk is not specific to a particular company and/or industry, and it cannot be eliminated or reduced through diversification; it is just a risk that investors must accept. Diversifiable This risk is also known as unsystematic risk, and it is specific to a company, industry, market, economy or country; and it can be reduced through diversification. The most common sources of unsystematic risk are business risk and financial risk. Thus, the aim is to invest in various assets so that your assets are not all affected the same way by market events. Why one should Diversify Lets say you have a portfolio of only airline stocks. If it is publicly announced that airline pilots are going on an indefinite strike and that all flights are canceled, share prices of airline stocks would drop. Your portfolio would witness a noticeable drop in value. If, however, you counterbalanced the airline-industry stocks with a couple of railway stocks, only part of your portfolio would be affected. In fact, there is a good chance that the railway stocks prices would climb as passengers turn to trains as an alternative form of transportation. But you could diversify even further since there are many risks that affect both rail and air because each is involved in transportation. An event that reduces any form of travel hurts both types of companies statisticians would say that rail and air stocks have a strong correlation. Therefore, to achieve superior diversification, you would want to diversify across not only different types of companies but also different types of industries. The more uncorrelated your stocks are, the better. But its also important that you diversify among different asset classes. Because different assets such as bonds and stocks will not each react in the same way to adverse events, a combination of asset classes will reduce your portfolios sensitivity to market swings. Generally, the bond and equity markets move in opposite directions, so, if your portfolio is diversified across both areas, unpleasant movements in one will be offset by positive results in another. There are additional types of diversification and many synthetic investment products have been created to accommodate investors risk-tolerance levels; however, these products can be very complicated and are not meant to be created by beginner or small investors. For those who have less investment experience and do not have the financial backing to enter into hedging activities, bonds are the most popular way to diversify against the stock market. Unfortunately, as the world has seen cases of fraud and earnings manipulation, even the best analysis of a company and its financial statements cannot guarantee that it wont be a losing investment.

Microwave Oven Effects On Wireless Lans Essays - Wireless Networking

Microwave Oven Effects On Wireless Lans Microwave Oven Interference on Wireless LANs Operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM Band Abstract - Commercial microwave ovens as applied in restaurants have two magnetron tubes and compared to domestic kitchen counterparts they spread the higher RF power and radiated heating energy more evenly. The domestic kitchen or residential microwave ovens have only one magnetron tube. The interference from the commercial type of microwave ovens is more difficult to characterise than the interference from the residential ones. The commercial type of microwave ovens radiate a CW-like interference that sweeps over tens of MHz during the two bursts per mains power cycle. The residential ones give a CW-like interference that has a more or less stable frequency near 2.45 GHz occurring once per mains power cycle. The impact of the interference from the commercial type of microwave ovens on wireless LANs conforming the IEEE 802.11 standard for both DSSS (direct sequence spread spectrum) and FHSS (frequency hopping spread spectrum) has been evaluated. I. INTRODUCTION The release of the 2.4 GHz unlicensed band (2400 -2483.5 MHz) for ISM (industrial, scientific, medical applications) prompted a significant interest in the design of wireless LAN products. Interference from extraneous sources (unintentional radiators) impacts the reliability of communication in this 2.4 GHz ISM band. Sources of such interference are the millions of residential microwave ovens radiating at frequencies close to 2.45 GHz, and they have been described largely in the literature. Commercial microwave ovens, based on two magnetron tubes as used in restaurants, have been hardly described in the literature. Since commercial ovens are expected more often in the vicinity of office buildings with a high population density of office equipment and PCs, this type has been evaluated with respect to the nature of the interference signal and the impact on wireless LANs operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. At first, published material on residential microwave ovens, the reports from the NTIA (National Telecommunications and Information Administration, in the US) - [1] and [2] - are discussed. Next, the commercial microwave ovens and the nature of their interference is considered. The characterization of the interference from such ovens requires a dedicated measurement set up. Then the robustness of wireless LANs based on DSSS and FHSS conformant to IEEE 802.11 against CW interference is discussed. At last, the interference from the commercial microwave ovens on wireless LANs based on DSSS and FHSS is measured with a dedicated set up and the impact of the interference nature is considered. II. NTIA REPORTS The NTIA makes [1] and [2] some pessimistic conclusions about the possibility of sustaining highly-reliable communication links in this band. The ubiquitousness of these ovens and the wideband interference picture that emerges from peak-power measurements using, for example, conventional spectrum analysers in max-hold mode and multiple sweeps, has led to these pessimistic conclusions. The NTIA describes measurement results for residential microwave ovens with a maximum EIRP for these radiators that lies lay between +16 and +33 dBm. Some shortcomings in the NTIA measurement methods are presented in [3]. The NTIA reports give results of frequency- and time-domain measurements. Spectrum analysers in max-hold mode were used to measure in the frequency domain, which resulted in traces that capture the peak emission, at each frequency sampling point, occurring during the time interval of observation. Spectrum analysers in zero-span trace mode were used to find how the signal power around the selected frequency varies over time. [3] mentions that the NTIA peak spectrum measurements and frequency-domain characterisation with time-domain plots show a pulsed III. RESIDENTIAL MICROWAVE OVENS Microwave ovens have become more popular over the last fifteen years and can be found in over two hundred million home kitchens. The heating source of these residential microwave ovens is based on a single magnetron tube mostly positioned in an upper corner. Without further provisions, such an oven would produce an uneven heating effect, because of static stable standing wave patterns inside the cavity of the oven. Therefore, the usage of a rotating disk results in such a heating process at which the different sides of the rotated food or drink are ?illuminated? more evenly. The power consumption is mostly in the 600 - 800 Watt range. 2445 MHz 2452 MHz 2459 MHz 2466 MHz # RES BW 10 kHz # VBW 10 kHz # SWP 15.0 sec Peak 10 dB/div 2.41 GHz 2.48 GHz Frequency Fig. 1. Max-hold spectrum for residential microwave oven. # RES BW 3.0 MHz #VBW 1 MHz # SWP 30.0 msec Peak 10 dB/div fcentre 2.456 MHz Time 0 30 msec Fig. 2. Zero-span spectrum for residential microwave oven. NTIA measurement approach. With a high speed digital oscilloscope it can be shown, that during the active period the emitted signal is a CW with a frequency that moves over a few MHz. The beginning of the burst looks like a pulsed CW

Describe And Evaluate Gender Schema Essay

Describe And Evaluate Gender Schema Essay Describe And Evaluate Gender Schema Essay Describe and evaluate gender schema – Martin & Halverson, based on Bem. Agreed with Kohlberg’s cognitive development theory that child’s thinking is the basis of their development of gender role behaviours. BUT – thought the process started much earlier. Says children gain gender identity between the ages of 2 and 3 when they work out if they are a boy or a girl. Their schema is now very simple, consisting of 2 groups, their own is the in group and the opposite sex, the out group. Then, they actively seek information about the appropriate behaviours and actions of their own group. Boys pay close attention to boy related toys and activities and vice versa. Children therefore look to their environment to develop and build their gender schemas which become progressively more complex Campbell – visual preference technique. 3 month babies showed minor preferences of watching babies who were the same sex, this was more noticeable in males. By 9 and 18 months it was much more distinct. Girls likes to look at male activities too but it was stronger with the boys. Supports idea that babies develop schemas for gender long before they start to speak and that these schemas drive their attention. Poulin-Dubois – choose doll to carry out tasks, male, female and neutral. Girl’s age 24 months chose the gender appropriate doll for the tasks but the boys didn’t, implying that girls as young as 2 had identified gender stereotypes. Boys did same at 31 months. Shows that young children between 2 and 3 select and pay attention to models on the basis of their sex Kohlberg – Childs understanding of own gender forms basis of

Adding value by analyzing an issue in a website Article

Adding value by analyzing an issue in a website - Article Example The first step is to explore Trent’s undergraduate programs. This link takes the student to a page that outlines the undergraduate courses offered. These courses are categorized into Undergraduate Degree Programs Available in Oshawa, Undergraduate degree programs and specializations available in Peterborough, Professional programs of study, Emphasis programs, Diploma programs, other programs, Graduate programs offered at Trent. After the student has analyzed the courses and identified one that they are interested in, they go to the next link which is Applicant Pathways, which outlines the admission requirements and deadlines for the specific course they wish to undertake. Finally, the student is required to apply to the university through Ontario Universities Application Center, which is the center through which application to all Ontario universities, including Trent University, is done. The proposed change is to reduce the steps required to be followed by a student to be admitted to the university so as to reduce the complexity of this process for the students aspiring to join Trent

Discussion 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Discussion 3 - Assignment Example rpret that sign to mean getting a go ahead to do something while others may interpret the same to mean being sent away or being reprimanded in one way or another. An example of a euphemism that I have come across is a mother conversing with the daughter touching on sex in the presence of other peers. In this case, the mother uses expressions that explain to the daughter that her body is changing, and that sooner or later, she would start developing mountains on her chest. The mother also tells the daughter that visitors will visit her every month to mean that she would start experiencing her monthly periods. She later explains to her daughter that forests will grow on her body, to mean that the daughter will start developing pubic hair on her body. These kinds of expressions help in communication as Moore & Parker (2011) write. In this case, the euphemisms make it less embarrassing to discuss the body changes in the human

The Importance Of Work Environment Construction Essay

The Importance Of Work Environment Construction Essay 3.1 Introduction This chapter reveals the importance of work environment and gives an over view on different types of office designs and its applications. Unit also provides an insight in to the evolution of the modern offices. Workplace and Its Importance A workplace is the physical work environment and it is very important to a person. The physical work environment is ranked one of the top three factors employees take into account when deciding to accept, decline or leave a job according to research carried out by the American Society of Interiors (ASID, 1999). Employee comfort, flexibility, access to equipments and privacy all depends on the physical work environment. Thus an unsatisfactory physical environment can lead to occupant dissatisfaction. The prime factors the employees value in a work environment (ASID, 2001); Comfort of the work environment, which includes the climate, ergonomics, lighting, noise, privacy, cleanliness and the overall atmosphere. Communication, which is the effective means of communicating internally and externally with co-workers and customers. Easy access to people, equipments and things needed in a workplace. Functionally Efficient making the employees perform their task in an easy and efficient manner and with the effective utilization of space. Workplace Productivity According to Clements-Croome (2000) workplace productivity depends on the following variables; Personal characteristics- the job itself Characteristics of indoor climate- lighting, acoustic, temperature, air quality and workplace layout Social factors- coworkers and the relationships with them Organizational characteristics- structure of the organization and the management Office productivity is a composite of the physical environment and the behavioural environment (Barry P. Haynes, 2007). Physical environment of productivity falls into two main categories: office layout and office comfort. The components distraction, interaction and informal interaction points relate more to the behavioural environment of productivity. Fig 3.3 Validated Theoretical Framework of Office Productivity (Barry P. Haynes, 2007) Factor Name Attributes 1 Comfort Ventilation, heating, natural lighting, artificial lighting, dà ©cor, cleanliness, overall comfort, physical security. 2 Office layout Informal meeting areas, formal meeting areas, quiet areas, quiet areas, privacy, personal storage, general storage, work area-desk and circulation space. 3 Interaction Social interaction, work interaction, creative physical environment, overall atmosphere, position relative to colleagues, position relative to equipment, overall office layout and refreshments. 4 Distraction Interruptions, crowding, noise Table 3.3 Components of Office Productivity (Barry P.Haynes, 2007) The primary goal in building design is designing spaces that are conducive to the tasks being performed in these spaces and to operate building systems in an efficient manner. The indoor air quality (IAQ) deteriorates and energy is wasted when the building systems that regulate and control indoor environmental conditions do not function properly. Conflict in performance requirements between several attributes, such as ventilation, lighting, or temperature can result from poor building performance. The cumulative effect of less than satisfactory performance culminates in environmental stresses perceived by the occupants. Building integrity depends on satisfaction of various factors (Preiser, 1989); Functional/ Spatial Quality Thermal Quality Air Quality Acoustic Quality Visual Quality The researchers have, for the most part, ignored the effects of building indoor environment on productivity and job satisfaction considering the great importance of the workplace, and the stresses related to it. The field studies were usually carried out by industrial organizations to determine the effects of extreme temperature and humidity conditions on workers. Most of the occupants in recent case studies have been highly dissatisfied with an environmental attribute even though some of the technical measurements indicate that current standards are being met. This shows the need to reassess the measurements and standards as they apply to more specific and newly emerging functional requirements. 3.4 Evolution of Modern Office Office is where people come to engage in activities for enterprise persevere and prosper. Office buildings in mid 1800s where rooms rented to a single company or to several firms for clerical and executive business. With a single purpose office building the workplace evolved with advances in construction technology, improvements in office equipment, and developments in organization theory. As the workforce grew, they were accommodated in larger general-purpose office spaces. Bullpens were the placement of enclosed offices on the perimeter created sizable interior spaces where hundreds of clerical workstations were placed in these expansive interior spaces. Fig 3.4 Open bullpen office space in 1926 (Adopted from Denice Jaunzens, 1997, RICS browsed on 09-07-09) It consisted of a rigid arrangement of desks in rows. With no visual or acoustic privacy, noisy, poorly lit environment they provided individual workers uncomfortable places to work. Ergonomics was not considered. A new office design called the Burolandschaft was developed in the late 1950s in Germany, which provide flexible office. Spacious layouts and high-quality furnishings were used. Space was divided into individual work areas tailoring to the occupants needs. Robert Propst, in 1960, developed an unconventional approach to furnishing offices by replacing traditional office furniture as desks and credenzas with furniture components and panels that could be assembled into a wide range of work settings. Storage units, work surfaces and other elements were hung on freestanding panels, which could be arranged as needed to form a complete office work setting. This was the beginning of systems furniture (GSA). Changes occurring in the organization, communication techniques as well as functional conceptions of office space are presented in table. Conventional Contemporary Pattern of Work Routine Individual tasks Isolated 9-5 Creative Group, project work Interactive Extended Occupancy Own desk/office Low utilization Low density Shared as needed High utilization High density Settings Status based Single setting Task based Multiple/varied Settings Table 3.4 Changes in functional concepts of office space (Adopted from Denice Jaunzens, 1997, RICS) 3.5 Types of Office Layouts in Modern Buildings 3.5.1 Closed Plan/Cellular Office In closed plan, full height walls or partitions divide the space into offices and support space by floor-to-ceiling partitions (walls) with doors. It usually has a desk and chair. The people (one or two) working in a cellular office use the same office everyday and leave their working material there. Private offices are situated along the window wall. Administrative support is housed in workstations along corridors or in shared rooms. 3.5.2 Open Plan Office (More Working in Less Space) Open plan office has a large open space and minimizes the use of small, enclosed rooms such as private offices. An open plan office saves spaces as compared to cellular offices. Cost, efficiency and communication are the major advantage of open plan. Fig 3.5.2 An open plan office in Abu Dhabi, UAE Open plan provides greater opportunity to maximize the utilization of space than closed plan and minimizes the circulation space required because workstations can be modified slightly to fit available space. The use of systems furniture in open plan can also improve space utilization because a job function can normally be accommodated in less space in a systems furniture workstation than in a closed-plan office. Most of the modern buildings in UAE are implementing open plan offices. This design saves money, promotes teamwork and improves flexibility for future renovations. But many employees view this design as a series of compromises in terms of space, prestige and privacy. As employees consider changing from closed plan to open plan cubicles, they often have concerns about their abilities to work productively in what they anticipate to be noisier, more distracting workplace. The most overwhelming complaint about open plan office design is the lack of acoustic privacy. New Environments for Working The behavioural component of productivity, interaction signifies the importance of work interaction with the functional spaces such as hive, den, club and cell and link analysis which relates to the position relative to the equipment. 3.6.1 Francis Duffy Theory Francis Duffy, chairman of international architectural practice DEGW and one of the leading thinkers and practitioners in the field of office design theorized that office design is closely related to increasing productivity at work through work-based layouts. Francis Duffy bases his theory on two organizational needs privacy and teamwork. This explains the dynamics of change in office design and throws light on the ways in which office layouts are likely to differ and to change. Privacy and teamwork are interrelated with many aspects of office design because they affect workers expectations about the layout and work settings. Duffy identified organizational types as hive, cell, den and club in a way to capture the distinct work patterns and distinctive design features of each. The implications of modern working practices for the specification and performance of building form and environment systems were studied in 1997 by DEGW in collaboration with the Building Research Establishment (BRE) (Laing et al, 1998). This led to the development of a model for design logic in new office comprising of four alternative office layout topologies according to the activities they support. These were designated as; Hive Hive office is characterized by individual routine process work with low levels of interaction and low autonomy. The user sits at the workstations for continuous periods of time. Examples are call centre, customer support offices, BPOs etc. Den Den office is associated with group work, interactive but not highly autonomous. This office is for group working in a simple setting, typically arranged in the open-plan or group room example, workstations in Advertising agency, Sales offices etc Cell Cell offices are for individual concentrated work with little interaction. Individuals occupy the whole office in an intermittent irregular pattern with extended working days, working elsewhere some of the time. This space is highly autonomous for example, CEOs cabins, lawyers Office etc. Club Club offices are for knowledge workers and are highly autonomous and  Ã‚   interactive. Occupancy is intermittent and over an extended working day. For example, conference rooms, meeting area, break-out areas and cafeteria where there are one off meetings, not ongoing interaction between the same people. ` Fig.3.6.1a Arrangement space based on functionality (Adopted from Denice Jaunzens, 1997, RICS) Cell Hive Den Club Fig:3.6.1b Typical arrangement in modern offices according to functionality (Source: http://ergo.in/paw_funatwork.html browsed on 08-08-2009 original source: unknown) 3.6.2 Spaces for Performance For the performance of workers three types of spaces are identified (BCO, 2008); Spaces to concentrate This is to provide space for workers for performing tasks, which require high levels of privacy and attention. These can be separate rooms, designated areas or rooms separated from noise and distraction of the office. These spaces are equipped with furniture and adjustable settings. Spaces to collaborate A collaborate space is a dedicated area for the teams to work and communicate freely. It should be well equipped with white boards, pen, paper, AV equipment etc. Movable furniture and flexible work settings should be there for personalized use. To suit the task and time of day, the lighting should be adjustable. Spaces to contemplate Contemplate space provide a space for the people to recover from stress and noise of the office environment. It should provide calm and noise free environment. Plants and adjustable lighting can make the contemplate space more relaxing. 3.6.3 Integrated Workspace The result of a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach to developing and providing workspace, bringing together the organizations strategic real property plan with strategic business goals is Integrated Workplace. It provides the people in a workplace the physical space and tools needed for their success. Integrated workplace provides a flexible, efficient and cost-effective office environment that enhances productivity and retains quality work force. 3.7 Functional arrangement of office space 3.7.1 Link Analysis Link analysis is a technique used to represent relationships between elements in a design. It assesses the links or connections between areas, such as the frequency of peoples movements between two spaces. Applying this technique to the existing office environment will contribute to a conclusion of who needs who for the new office floor layouts. Avoiding any unnecessary movement around the office shall free up any possible hint of congestion. This technique will indicate where links are and most useful, but will not give the frequency. Therefore, an observational study of the current office structure will be concluded to see the frequency of events within the linking system. (Brooks, 1998) Link Analysis before reorganisation Link Analysis after reorganisation layout Fig 3.7.1 Link Analysis (Adopted from Brooks, 1998) Avoiding unnecessary journeys around a workplace can ease areas of congestion and reduce annoyance levels for workers seated near walkways. 3.8 Conclusion The selection of the work place is truly based on the work culture, work style and nature of the job. Workplace selection should be primarily based on the job demands. Each Job has its own requirements and if the facilitator is not able to meet the job demands that will lead to a decline in the productivity of the office workers. Chapter-4 Factors Affecting Workplace Satisfaction and Productivity 4.1 Introduction Before analysing the satisfaction level of the occupants we need to understand the factors related to workplace. This chapter provides and insight to the factors affecting the workplace, sick building syndromes (SBS) and indoor environment quality (IEQ) parameters. 4.2 Common Complaints in a Workplace Key aspects affecting workplace satisfaction and productivity (Hilary Davies, 2005, RICS ): Workplace layout: Most of the modern offices are open-plan to increase flexibility and allow changes in organization size and structure. Open-plan was intended to allow more communication among the co-workers. But according to study conducted by Pekala (2001) the work-success ratio for those who worked in open-plan was 74% less than those in enclosed offices. Thus the occupants were not satisfied with their work environment affecting their productivity. Distractions: In most of the modern offices, noise is more because of workstation density and use of more office equipments. Workplace grids create more distraction. Workers in open plan are 65% more distracted than in private offices (Olson 2000). Increased errors and stress is generated as a result of working in a noisy environment. Thus noise impacts productivity (Leaman and Bordass 1999) and 70% of the occupants agreed that productivity can be increased by decreasing the office noise (Carsia 2002) . Comfort, Health and Well-being: Air quality and ergonomics are the major areas which affect the occupants health and work environment. Repetitive strain injuries affect the health of the occupants leading to back pain and rehabilitation. Studies conducted by Kruk (1989) showed that an ergonomically designed chair can increase the occupant satisfaction in an office by 15%. Indoor air pollution also affects the occupant productivity which inturn can cause sick building syndrome (SBS). Indoor Environment: Indoor environmental factors such as insufficient day-light, lighting, smelly air, acoustics causes occupant dissatisfaction and discomfort. Occupant satisfaction and productivity is inter-related. 79% of the employees surveyed in a Steelcase survey (2003) believed that the physical environment had an impact on occupant satisfaction. Frequently reported unfavorable conditions in UK offices were: high/low temperatures, stale air, noise problems, low quality lighting and insufficient day-light (Clements-Croome and Kaluarachchi , 2000). Personal Control: This is one of the major problems affecting occupant satisfaction. Most of the occupants can be satisfied with individual control over their environment and when they are allowed to participate in the design decisions. Efficiency and morale increases when occupants are allowed to reconfigure their workplaces (Stern, 1991). The difference between a tolerable and intolerable workspace is the ability to fine-tune locally. The ability to control climate, reducing glare by able to move the desk, able to open the window, quiet space, storage space all boost employee satisfaction and productivity according to the survey by Knoll. Employee Stress: Stress affecting the occupants can be various. This can be work-related stress due to increased workload or inadequate resources or less time, stress from home and life aspirations. High stress office environment can result from unsupportive, monitoring supervisors and low levels of job control (Kaplan and Arnoff, 1996). An open plan office with less privacy, increased noise and disturbances can also lead to low levels of psychological privacy. Thus dissatisfaction with the physical environment lead to decreased job performance. 4.3 Spatial Comfort Productivity As the offices shrink in size, dimensions of the office furniture become more important to the worker. Occupant in a building evaluates spatial comfort in terms of the amount of space they have, storage and ergonomic comfort of furniture. Key aspects of office furniture, such as work surface dimension, file storage; partition height and choice of accessories also affect spatial comfort. Smaller offices and workstations at higher densities cause users to be more aware of the amount of work surface they have. All these have a direct impact on the functional comfort and performance of work in an office. Although modern office furniture is physically comfort, corporate tendency to standardize office and workstation layouts (one size fits all) and to density layouts at the cost of spaces to meet and work together makes a certain percentage of users functionally uncomfortable. Factors such as proximity to co-workers, varying partition height to enable contact with some colleagues and protect from contact with circulation areas and other workgroups, proximity to spaces to meet and work together and convenient access to shared storage and equipment all have a direct effect on how well people work. Spatial comfort affects productivity of the occupants in a building as workspace size, configuration, storage and shared work areas directly affect the performance of individual and team tasks. Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Sick building syndrome (SBS) is a term used to describe a situation where the occupants in a building experience acute health or comfort problems during the time spent time in a particular building. The complaints can be widespread in a building or confined to a particular room or zone. The condition is temporary and most of the occupants find relief once they are out of the building. But some buildings can have long-term problems. According to the World Health Organization (1984 Committee Report) 30% of the new and re-modeled buildings may be the subject of excessive complaints related to indoor air quality (IAQ). Frequently reported symptoms or complaints of SBS are (Thad Godish, 1995); Sensory irritation in eyes, nose and throat Neurotoxic or general health problems such as headache, sluggishness, mental fatigue, dizziness, reduced memory Skin Irritations Nonspecific hypersensitivity reactions as running nose, asthma-like symptoms Odor and taste sensations 4.4.1 Causes of Sick Building Syndrome According to the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) investigation, the primary contributor to SBS is inadequate ventilation. Air contamination from sources within the building such as copying machines was reported to be major cause of contamination. Other indoor sources like adhesives, carpeting, upholstery, manufactured wood products, pesticides, and cleaning agents may emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including formaldehyde, which can affect the health of the occupants, and at high concentrations be carcinogens. Chemical contaminants from outdoor sources which can enter the building through poorly located air intake vents, windows, and other openings and biological contaminants like bacteria, molds, pollen, and viruses can also cause sick building symptoms. 4.5 Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ) The IEQ in a building can affect the health, comfort and well-being of the occupant and intern the productivity of work. Indoor Environment Quality is used to describe air quality and the attributes of enclosed spaces. The key components of IEQ are; Indoor air quality Thermal comfort Acoustic environment quality Luminous and visual environment quality 4.5.1 Indoor Air Quality Indoor air quality is a major concern as it can have a major impact on occupant health, .90% of the people spent their time indoor and most of their in an office environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency studies show that there can be more indoor pollutant levels than found outside which can increase the risk of illness. Indoor air pollution is ranked the most important environmental health problem. An improved indoor air quality can result in higher productivity. The factors that affect indoor air quality are; pollutants or odors; building ventilation systems; moisture and humidity occupant perceptions and susceptibilities Fig 4.5.1 Under floor air distribution system (Source:http://www.cbe.berkeley.edu/underfloorair/typicaloffice.htm browsed on 10-07-09) 4.5.2 Thermal Comfort Thermal comfort is defined as the subjective satisfaction with the thermal environment (Bligh and Johnson, 1975). Thermal comfort is the psychological state of mind and affects the overall morale of a person. Productivity decreases in a workplace as employee complaints may increase and in some cases people may refuse to work in a particular environment. Air temperature, radiant heat, humidity and air movement are factors of thermal environment which may also contribute to the symptoms of sick building syndrome.(HSE Guidance) 4.5.3 Acoustic environment quality An important attribute of commercial office building design is acoustics. One of the most prevalent annoyance sources in offices is noise which can lead to stress for occupants to maintain a high level satisfaction and moral health among occupants a good acoustic environment is very essential. The major sources of dissatisfaction include: Speech interruptions, such as people talking over the phone, in adjacent areas and corridors Equipment noise Excessive background noise from HVAC and lighting systems Lack of conversational privacy Lack of personal control over noise levels Space being acoustically too lively or too dead Fig 4.5.3 An open plan office with no acoustic privacy (Source:http://www.rockwool.com/acoustics/acoustical+comfort/acoustic+in+special+buildings/offices browsed 10-07-09) The levels of background noise and speech privacy and separation between particular types of spaces have important implication for the work environment and productivity of building occupants. Distractions due to the sound of speech have been found to be significantly problematic especially in open plan offices. This is because speech is more distracting than unintelligible speech or sounds with no information content. Conversely, office spaces with low background noise can have poor levels of speech privacy, which can also hinder communication. (Peter Newton, Keith Hampson, 2009) 4.5.4 Luminous and visual environment quality The luminous and visual environment quality is the totality of the characteristics of a building, which affects the occupants visual perceptions. The occupants abilities to perform tasks will be affected by the luminous and visual environment if they are visually intensive. Occupant perceptions can be affected by the following (Peter Newton, Keith Hampson, 2009): Luminance levels (ambient and task) for different task and their uniformity Glare levels and reflections in computer screens Levels of personal control through task lighting, shading or dimmers Access to daylight and views Lighting characteristics, such as color temperature and ballast flicker Visual appeal and color scheme of interior design Fig 4.5.4 An Office with abundant daylight for the entire office to gather (Source: http://images.businessweek.com/ss/06/12/1201_idea_factory/source/8.htm 12-07-09) Dissatisfaction with the visual environment can be due to limited access to daylight, inappropriate light levels, glare levels and lack of control over the environment. Appropriate task lighting and integration of day lighting and electric lighting systems for ambient lighting wherever feasible can be introduced for improving the luminous and visual environment and maximizing occupant comfort,. 4.6 Office Ergonomics Ergonomics incorporates the scientific and engineering disciplines that are concerned with the humans at work. An ergonomically designed workspace enhances peoples well-being, make work easy to do and allow people to perform efficiently (Kroemer, 2001). The elements of ergonomic assessment include general physical activity, lifting and handling, work postures and movements, accident risk, job content, job restrictiveness, worker communication and personal contacts, decision making, repetitiveness of the work, the need for attentiveness, lighting and vision, thermal environment and noise. Ergonomic parameters which are required in the design of a workstation are (Craig A. Langston, 2003); seat height with feet flat on the floor height to top of thigh when seated (for desk height) eye height above seat level (for use of computer) height from seat to underside of elbow (for arm rest height) near reach when seated and far reach when seated, affecting spread of equipment and functions on a desk and adjacent surfaces Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) is the common type of injury due to poorly designed workstation. The RSI develops slowly and affects many parts of the body. An ergonomically designed workstation can reduce the possibility of RSI. Fig 3.8 An Ergonomically designed Workstation (Adopted from David A. Madsen, 1990) 4.7 Conclusion Every workstation has pros and cones while comparing openness, flexibility, privacy etc. While analysing the workplace satisfaction level the selection of type of workstation is an important factor. Furniture, accessories, flooring, ceiling, HVAC System, lighting, sound insulation, color schemes, interior design themes and corporate identity are the other ]factors affecting the satisfaction level of the occupants. Low Quality building design or interior design and poor maintenance will lead to sick building syndromes (SBS). Next chapter elaborates the method of research conducted to identify the facts.

Just plain good for us

Benefits Water Is Just plain good for us, but It is thought that It helps flush nasty toxins and waste through our system, Glenn organs Like the liver and kidney an easier time doing their job. Purified water can address water contamination and can ensure safe drinking but our other product- Detect water has the following benefits: Lemon Lemon helps stimulate and regulate the digestive track (which is why it's so helpful with constipation, heartburn and gas), stimulates bile production, and thins out bile, which allows It to flow more freely.Bile is produced by the liver and ends up in the small Intestine to break down lipids (fats) that wave consumed. A medium-sized lemon that weighs about 1 50 g provides the ERDA (recommended dietary allowance) of vitamin C for an adult non-smoker (about MGM). Smokers require about 50% more of this vitamin. Vitamin C stands out in the lemon's composition, only slightly less than orange. Lemons have virtually no proteins or fats and about 8. 23% car bohydrates.However the most interesting components of lemons from a dietary and therapeutic dominant are not its nutrients, but rather Its so called accompanying substances or These are substances that lack any calories , and they are neither vitamins nor mineral salts, so they cannot be qualified as nutrients. Organic acids (between 6 and 8%) among which citric acid is predominant, followed by lesser amounts of malice acid, acetic acid, and formic acid. These acids potential the action of ascorbic acid or vitamin C. And have a significant antiseptic effect.Flavorings, among which whispering and dosing predominate. These are found In the peel and pulp of the lemon. They perform physiological roles: -Antioxidants Protecting the capillaries -Intransigence Terseness: these are the substances that give citrus fruits their unique aroma. They are found primarily in the peel. The most abundant of these is d-limonite with its proven detoxifying and anthropogenic effects. Although the lemon affects the entire body, Its clinical applications derive particularly from Its effect on the blood: – Anta anemic: It Improves Iron absorption. Improves blood fluid, thus preventing thrombosis. DÃ ©butant, facilitating the elimination of toxins from the blood Anemia: Lemons should form a regular part of the diet of anyone suffering from anemia. Although its iron content is very low, it is a very potent anti-anemic since it increases the absorption of iron supplied in other plant-based foods. Excess uric acid: the lemon is highly effective in eliminating uric acid, which Is waste product generated constantly within t he body and must be eliminated In the urine. Excess uric acid Is deposited In the joints causing arthritis and rheumatic pain.It produces nephritis(inflammation) in the kidneys. Kidney stones: lemon treatment is very effective in helping dissolve kidney stones, particularly when these are formed of uric acid salts (rate). Infections: because of their vitamin C a nd photochemical content, lemons improve the body Immune system's ability to resist infections. Lemon use is appropriate for an aromatic Lorene found in the lemon, particularly in the PEEL, has bee shown capable of neutralizing certain carcinogens Cucumber Eating a cucumber is like drinking a glass of water.Bearing in mind that 96% of its eight is water, a 250-g cucumber contains egg of water. However, this does not mean that it is of little nutritional value! Those 10 grams of solid material in a 250-g cucumber are of great biological value and healing power. PROPERTIES AND INDICATIONS: Cucumbers are among the most water-rich foods, and as a result only contain 13 kcal/100 g. Their protein (0. 69%), carbohydrate (1. 96%), And fat (0. 13%) content is very low. They also contain small amounts of provocation A, and vitamins B. C. And E.Their high dietary and therapeutic value resides in their minerals, which are highly alkaline. They contain potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and iron, as well as various trace elements, most notably sulfur. Helps the body flush out toxins because it contains the organic compound citrine, which is an amino acid that has been shown to help the liver and kidneys filter and get rid of ammonia. Ammonia comes in external forms, but is also a by-product of the proteins our bodies are burning up constantly for energy, and it's quite damaging to our cells.Cucumbers have the following medicinal properties: ALKALINE: They neutralize excess acidic waste produced in the body as a consequence of the consumption of animal-based foods. DÉBUTANT: They facilitate of the elimination of waste substances from the bloodstream through either the urine or the skin. DIURETIC: They increase urine output. LAXATIVE: Given their high water content (0. 8%), They facilitate the movement of the feces through the intestine. Honey The benefits of honey go beyond its great taste.A great natural source of carbohydrates which provide strength and energy to our bodies, honey is known for TTS effectiveness in instantly boosting the performance, endurance and reduce muscle fatigue of athletes. Its natural sugars play an important role in preventing fatigue during exercise. The glucose in honey is absorbed by the body quickly and gives an immediate energy boost, while the fructose is absorbed more slowly providing sustained energy. It is known that honey has also been found to keep levels of blood sugar fairly constant compared to other types of sugar. s a great natural source of carbohydrates which provide strength and energy to our bodies, honey is now for its effectiveness in instantly boosting the performance, endurance and reduce muscle fatigue of athletes. Its natural sugars play an important role in preventing fatigue during exercise. The glucose in honey is absorbed by the body quickly and gives an immediate energy boost, while the fructose is absorbed more slowly providing sustained energy. Honey can be a powerful immune syst em booster. Its antioxidant and anti-bacterial properties can help improve digestive system and help you stay healthy and fight disease 1 .Next time before you go for a workout, take spoon of honey to enable you to go for the extra mile. 2. If you are feeling low and try honey. Spread it on a hot toast or replace the sugar in your tea with it for a refreshing surge of energy. 3. If your kids are finding hard to cope with the physical strain from the buzzing activities at school, prepare them some sandwiches with honey, butter and ham to make sure they have enough energy to sustain through the day. My kids are delighted when they see me prepare warm honey water in their bottles. They couldn't care a bit about the health benefits of honey, but simply love the taste of it!

The World Overpopulation

The World Overpopulation! Is it possible to know that our life is in danger because of a horrible global issue and stay silent!! By definition, overpopulation is a condition where the number of organisms exceeds the carrying capacity of their habitat. The world population has crossed 7 billion and we are going to deal with the adverse effects of this excessive growth. Overpopulation is a serious issue, more serious than it seems to be, so we must look for some solutions for the reasons of this horrible phenomenon.Giving a closer look at the different causes of overpopulation, the first reason is the increase of birth rate not only in one country, but it is spreading all over the world, threatening the balance of world population due to the lack of sex education †¦ Literacy is another major issue in overpopulation, education plays a fundamental role in family planning and thus population growth, then due to the lack of education, world population is becoming bigger and bigger.Mor eover, immigration and emigration are the third specific reason for overpopulation. For example, a million legal migrants are coming into the USA every year, in addition to those who are migrating from the undeveloped south to the richer north.In order to deal with overpopulation, we must suggest some beneficial solutions such as supporting education especially sex education which needs to be a mandatory subject in school, which must be followed by female education, since an education woman understands reproduction and can make decisions on her own behalf, she becomes knowledgeable about her contraceptive options, so she will recognize that for her family to live comfortably, that number of children must not exceed the family’s resources.Another solution is that, population growth rate must be addressed in order to achieve population stabilization, which can be done by tax concessions. It is an effective method of controlling birth rates. It favors families with none or a lim ited number of children, for example a significant amount more than 50%-60% of the fund would be handed over to the couple upon the birth of the first child.In addition, preventing illegal immigration may help in decreasing overpopulation. Overpopulation is a very serious and hard condition which must be stopped before it will cross 10 billion. Finally and in the light of the above information, I can say that overpopulation certainly does need to be controlled before it gets even more out of hand.

Love in Knights Tale and Wife of Baths Tale Essay

Love in Knights Tale and Wife of Baths Tale The Canterbury Tales, written by Geoffrey Chaucer around 1386, is a collection of tale told by pilgrims on a religious pilgrimage. Two of these tales, The Knights Tale and The Wife of Baths Tale, involve different kinds of love and different love relationships. Some of the loves are based on nobility, some are forced, and some are based on mutual respect for each partner. My idea of love is one that combines aspects from each of the tales told in The Canterbury Tales. In The Knights Tale, the love between the two knights and Emelye is intensely powerful. The love that Palomon and Arcite feel towards Emelye is so strong that the two knights feel that it is worth more than†¦show more content†¦While they are both incarcerated, Palomon speaks very highly of Emelyes beauty. All of what he has to say of her is about her physical attractiveness. This is not something that I would want to base my ideal love on. Looks will age, but the heart will not. In The Wife of Baths Tale, a knight is forced to marry a wretched old woman. The knight and the old woman do not get along well, and when the old woman suggests that she make things better, the knight responds saying that the woman is old and that nothing good could come out of this situation. A love relationship such as this could never last because there is no attraction-physical or mental. A major factor in love is physical attraction between the two partners. Here there is no attraction. Two people cannot love each other if they cannot stand to be in one anothers presence. The knight can hardly bare to look at his wife, let alone sleep with her. Despite the fact that the knight despises her, the old woman persists on getting the knight to love her. While the knight is complaining about how terrible his marriage is, the old woman says he will give him the choice of she either being old and unattractive, or young and more attractive, making males more attracted to her. She tried to give him the choice of which way he wanted her, when in all reality, she was gaining more control over him by allowing him to think he had control over her. After this, the old womanShow MoreRelatedCourtly Love in The Knights Tale and The Wife of Baths Tale1353 Words   |  6 Pagesseemingly clichà © finale encompasses all the ideals of courtly love, which began in the Medieval Period and still exists today. While these ideals were prevalent in medieval society, they still existed with much controversy. Geoffrey Chaucer, a poet of the period, comments on courtly love in his work The Canterbury Tales. Through the use of satiric elements and skilled mockery, Chaucer creates a work that not only brought courtly love to the forefront of medieval society but also introduced feministicRead More A Comparison of Love in The Knights Tale, Wife of Baths Tale, and Franklins Tale1139 Words   |  5 PagesLove in The Knights Tale, Wife of Baths Tale, and Franklins Tale    The Canterbury Tales, written by Geoffrey Chaucer around 1386, is a collection of tales told by pilgrims on a religious pilgrimage. Three of these tales; The Knights Tale, The Wife of Baths Tale, and The Franklins Tale, involve different kinds of love and different love relationships. Some of the loves are based on nobility, some are forced and some are   based on mutual respect for each partnerRead MoreTheme Of Love In The Canterbury Tales887 Words   |  4 Pagesmessages of love throughout the centuries. There exists many tales and accounts that teach important lessons to the society. The writers have taken the opportunity to express their thoughts and feelings about the society as a whole. For instance, in these Canterbury Tales, love has been painted in many different ways. This paper is going to explore the theme of love in these three chosen Canterbury Tales: the Knight’s Tale, the Wife of Bath’s Tale, and the Miller’s Tale. â€Å"The Knight’s Tale† is the firstRead MoreEssay on The Wife of Bath: Illustrating Courtly Love956 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Middle Ages, when The Canterbury Tales was written, society became captivated by love and the thought of courtly and debonair love was the governing part of all relationships and commanded how love should be conducted. These principles changed literature completely and created a new genre dedicated to brave, valorous knights embarking on noble quests with the intention of some reward, whether that be their life, lover, or any other want. The Canterbury Tales, written in the 14th century by GeoffreyRead MoreWhat a Story Reveals about the Story Teller Essay1377 Words   |  6 PagesCanterbury Tales from the view of a pilgrim journeying with many other travelers who all had tales to tell. I believe that the stories told by the characters in Chaucers book gives us insight into the individual spinning the tale as well as Chaucer as the inventor of these characters and author of their stories. There are three main characters whose stories I will be using as examples: The Knights Tale, The Millers Tale, and The Wife of Baths Tale. The knight told a tale of love, braveryRead More Passive Women in Chaucers Canterbury Tales? Essay1466 Words   |  6 PagesWomen in Chaucers Canterbury Tales? One argument that reigns supreme when considering Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales is whether or not there is an element of anti-feminism within the text. One thread that goes along with this is whether or not the women of The Canterbury Tales are passive within the tales told. This essay will explore the idea that the women found within the tales told by the pilgrims (The Knight’s Tale, The Miller’s Tale and The Wife of Bath’s Tale to name a few) are not passiveRead More Mixed Feminine Message in Wife of Baths Tale by Geoffrey Chaucer1589 Words   |  7 PagesMixed Feminine Message in Wife of Baths Tale by Geoffrey Chaucer In the Wife of Bath’s Tale by Geoffrey Chaucer, various women, such as the Queen and the old hag, stake their claim to authority over men. Yet, they do so in a very covert manner. The knight has clearly abused his male power. He is a rapist. With the help of women, however, he is rehabilitated and seems to achieve the ultimate happiness. When these women support the feminist viewpoint that women should have mastery over theirRead MoreSpeech About The Wife Of Canterbury Tales828 Words   |  4 Pageslistening to all of your tales while we were at it. All of us come from different backgrounds and social standing, and that’s what makes your own tales so interesting! Tonight, as we gather around the fireplace, I shall declare who intrigued me the most with your tale. The winner shall be given a big prize — a hot delicious meal prepared by our talent chef. During our journey to Canterbury, we’ve heard different tales ranging from tragedies to comedies. We’ve also heard many tales that we could learnRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay - Marriage in The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale672 Words   |  3 PagesGeoffrey Chaucers The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale The disparity in the outcomes of the hags marriage and Alisons marriages in Geoffrey Chaucers The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale depends in part on the womens differing expectations of their husbands. The hags modus agendi depends on a knights obligation to honour his pledge, whereas Alisons modus operandi depends on her husbands conduct after marriage, i.e. on her circumstances. Having saved the knights life, the hag asks theRead MoreEssay about The Significance of Women in Chaucers The Cantebury Tales3353 Words   |  14 Pagesin Chaucers The Cantebury Tales      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Geoffrey Chaucers The Cantebury Tales, many stories are told leading to a wide range of topics.   One particular and significant topic Chaucer touches on many times is the role of women.   In stories such as The Millers Tale, The Knights Tale, and the Wife of Baths Tale the women of each story are portrayed extremely different.   Alisoun, Emelye, and the wife of Bath, each exemplify three dissimilar ways in which women love.   The way Chaucer describes